The abundance of basalt, used for making tools, in the mountains of Assam made the state an important center of human settlements during the Stone Age. The early ruler of Assam is supposed to be Mahranga who was followed by his descendants for generations. Finally, this dynasty was replaced by Naraka dynasty. The evidence of Mahayana Buddhism is prominent in Assam and it is said that it developed after the visit of Huen Tsang. The state has been largely impacted by two prominent dynasties named Ahom and Koch during the medieval times.    

During the British reign in India the territory of Assam was taken completely under the control of East India Company. The tea plantations were a lucrative source of income for the British colonizers. The rebels Assam tried several attempts to oust the British colonizers but all their efforts went in vain. Eventually, the Assamese joined the Indian National Congress during early 20th century for India’s freedom struggle movement.