There are several types of tribes available in Gujarat. Five millions tribal and Adivasis communities are there in Gujarat. These tribes mainly live or settle in the Aravalis, Vindhya's western side and the mountains of Satpura and the slopes of northern Sahyadri ranges. Tribes of Gujarat has many various groups.The meaning of the word ' Adivasi' is 'original culture group'. Gujarat tribal belt has districts of Baroda, Surat, Sabarkantha, Broch, Banaskantha and Panchmahals. Different sects of tribes, majorly konkan region and Bhil live in the area. Tribals like Padhar tribe, Bharwads, Rabri tribe, Siddhis reside in Sourashtra's costal districts of Jamnagar, Junagadh and Kutch. For their livelihood they work as cattle breeders, casual laborers and they find work in ports. The tribal type Siddhis came from East Africa to India, that’s why they have features of Negroid. In early times, the Mers and Rabaris were supposed to come from the Mediterranean. Tribal people who have Australoid features are known as Australoid adivasis, they live in two groups. one tract usually live in the valleys of the river, Surar, Bulasar and Broach districts and are called as Gambits, Voknas and Varlis, that’s why they have features of Konkan area.Another tract generally live in the hill on the eastern border of the state and are composed of Ratwas, Dangi Bhils, Bhill Garasias, Dangi Bhils etc. all these have features of Bhil.
There are other tribals, which are in the plains of Broach, Surat and district Bulsar like Dublas who look as though they are from foreign origin, the Dhodias tribe who probably migrated from the region of Dhulia of Maharashtra. Choudhuris tribe, come from West Bengal and Orissa. The population of features of Bhil tribals is more than fifty percent of the population of the state adivasi. There are Advasi tracts allegation descent order from clans like Chauhan, Rathod, Solanki, Makwana and Parmar. The jewellery which are worn by the Bhil Garasia women are jhulki, colorful ghagra, the sallo etc. which shows the influence of Rajput. Tribals near Akkalkavu, khandesh west and Ratnapur come in the influence of Muslims that’s why they have accepted the Muslim faith and their women also wears veils.
As per the scriptures of ancient times, the origin of the tribes of Gujarat is very interesting. The great epics Mahabharata and Ramayana have references of the hill tribes. In the epic Ramayana, the character Shabi portrayed the hospitable and simple nature of a Bhil lady. Rajpipla, Chhota Udaipur and Sagbara region, Danta region were ruled by the Bhil tribe. The tribes of Gujarat follow the rituals of religion and they are more of animistic region.The tribes worship the Crocodile, tiger and snake,plants and hills as God .These tribes also have several common Gods like Hindu, Amba, Chamunda, Hanuman, Krishna and Kalka. The most popular and great festival of this tribe is Holi. There is saying that this festival and other festival like Diwali originally come from the aborigines, then after some course of time it was accepted by the Hindus. If you will consider the opinions of the scholars, you will get to know some information like Mother Parvati and God Shankar were borrowed from the Adivasis by the Hindus. Tribal people too worship their dead forebear. Gujarat's tribal has various occupations. Earlier they used to do slash & burn, in which they used to clean the thick forests to cut the trees, for many years they were depending on cultivation. They used to travel from one forest to another in the search of good land for cultivation. They also lived on hunting of wild animals and fishing. Even now days tribes such as Vasawas, Gamits, Garasias, Dhodias are some other tribal groups and are feeding their family by doing agricultural activities. Many Adivasis are owner of the land or they work on other's land as a worker.
The social thinking of tribals living in Gujarat vary from the general Hindu groups. Tribal women have more freedom as compared to Hindu women in the sense of divorce, remarriage and marriage. Tribals of Gujarat like to wear colorful clothes. They celebrate or enjoy festivals and fairs with lots of energy and with their traditional music, dances. Tribal community is different but an interesting community, which you have to visit; it will give you refreshment from your daily usual life. |